Excel Date and Time Functions: Complete Guide to Temporal Data

Excel Functions · 20 min read · 2024-11-26

Master Excel date and time functions for scheduling, aging calculations, working days, and timeline analysis. Comprehensive guide with practical business applications.

Excel's date and time functions are essential for project management, scheduling, aging analysis, and time-based calculations. This comprehensive guide covers everything from basic DATE functions to advanced workday calculations.

Understanding Excel Dates and Times

How Excel Stores Dates

Excel stores dates as serial numbers:

January 1, 1900 = 1

January 2, 1900 = 2

Today (varies) = ~45,000+

Time = Decimal portion:

12:00 PM (noon) = 0.5

6:00 AM = 0.25

3:00 PM = 0.625

DateTime: Integer (date) + Decimal (time)

March 15, 2025 3:30 PM = 45899.645833

Essential Date Functions

1. TODAY() and NOW()

TODAY()

Returns current date (updates daily).

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